What do you know about the role of lubricating oil additives?
As we all know, lubricating oil is generally composed of two parts: Base Oil and additive. Base oil is the main component of lubricating oil, determines the basic properties of lubricating oil, additives can make up for and improve the lack of performance of base oil, give some new properties, is an important part of lubricating oil. So, what do you really know about additives?
A lubricant additive is a compound or compounds added to a lubricant in order to give the lubricant some new properties or to improve some existing properties of the lubricant.
02 Types of lubricating oil additives
Lubricating oil additives can be divided into cleaning dispersant, antioxidant anti-corrosion agent, extreme pressure anti-wear agent, oiliness agent and Friction Modifier, antioxidant and Metal Deactivator, viscosity index modifier, anti-rust agent, decoagulant, anti-foam agent and so on.
03 What is the role of lubricating oil additives?
Cleansing dispersant
Cleansing dispersants include cleansing agents and dispersants. Mainly used for internal combustion engine oil (steam engine oil, diesel engine oil, railway diesel engine oil, two-stroke steam engine oil and Marine engine oil). Its main function is to keep the interior of the engine clean, so that the generated insoluble substances are in a colloidal suspension state, and do not further form carbon deposition, paint film or sludge. Specifically, its role can be divided into acid neutralization, solubilization, dispersion and washing four aspects.
Antioxidant and anticorrosive agent
Antioxidant and antioxidant anticorrosion agents can inhibit the oxidation of oil products, improve the oxidation stability of oil products, mainly used in industrial lubricants, internal combustion engines and process oils.
Extreme pressure antiwear agent
The products decomposed at high friction temperature can react with the metal to produce a compound with lower shear stress and melting point than the pure metal, thereby preventing the contact surface from occluding and welding, effectively protecting the metal surface. Extreme pressure anti-wear agent is mainly used in industrial Gear Oil, hydraulic oil, guide oil, cutting oil and other extreme pressure requirements of the lubricant, in order to improve the extreme pressure anti-wear performance of oil.
Oiliness agent
An oily agent is a surfactant with a polar group on one end of the molecule and an oil-soluble alkyl group on the other. The substance containing this polar group has a strong affinity for the metal surface, and it can be firmly and directionally adsorbed on the metal surface, forming a protective film similar to a cushion between the metals to prevent direct contact with the metal surface and reduce friction and wear.
Also known as thickener, it can not only increase the viscosity of the oil, but also improve the viscosity and temperature properties of the oil.
Antirust agent
A solid adsorption film is formed on the metal surface to inhibit the contact of oxygen and water, especially water, on the metal surface, so that the metal will not rust.
Flow point inhibitor
Also known as flow point reducer, the so-called flow point is to determine a specific oil, when it can not flow at that point temperature, is the flow point. More or less there will be some wax components in the oil (although the wax has been eliminated with solvent in the refining of the base oil, but still can not reach 100%), and these wax at low temperature once the crystal consolidation, will prevent the flow of oil, in order to make the engine can start smoothly in winter, must be added in the oil to reduce the flow point, prevent the wax crystallization, And adapted to cold climates.
defoamer
The oil is stirred repeatedly in the engine, which will naturally produce foam, and the place where there is foam is the place where there is no oil film, and the engine will lose protection; On the other hand, where there is foam, it also means that the contact surface with the air is increased, and it also accelerates its oxidation, so it is necessary to add defoamer to avoid the generation of foam.
Dye
It has two functions: first, it is used for identification, such as the automatic transmission oil of the car is dyed red, so as to facilitate the identification and maintenance of oil leakage; The second is marketing advertising, for example, most of the two-stroke oil in Japan is dyed light blue or red in addition to beauty, and can be used to advertise the base oil in its lubricating oil with a high degree of refinement and light color, and it is possible to dye.
Alkaline additive
Also known as the total alkali price elevator, its role is to increase the dose of alkaline substances in lubricating oil, its effect is to neutralize the sulfur contained in the fuel (steam, diesel) due to the acid sulfide produced after combustion of the cylinder wall and piston rings are corroded by these acidic substances.
Most of them are additives of sulfide, chlorine or phosphorus, which can give good protection to metals when interface lubrication occurs. It can prevent the metal surface from melting, corrosion, and bite marks, etc., such as some lubricating oil or oil on the market often advertise how much pressure can be borne on the rotating metal, which is mostly based on the function of extreme pressure additives.
emulsifier
The purpose of the emulsifier is to emulsify the water in the lubricating oil and prevent the corrosion of the water and the metal surface. The commonly used emulsifiers are vegetable oil, butter, metal soap salt and so on.
With the development of industrial technology, the high speed, high performance, high automation, high efficiency and long life required by modern equipment have been difficult to meet the requirements of lubricating materials with mineral oil alone. Additives can give new characteristics to lubricating materials, and the important role of lubricating oil performance is self-evident.
