101 lubricating oil terms viscosity, moisture, flash point, pour point, acid value... Do you understand all this?
1. Lubricating oil
It is assumed that sliding at the contact interface of two objects reduces the degree of friction, which is called lubrication. Therefore, lubrication can be any material, such as liquid, semi-liquid, solid, gas, etc. The function of lubrication is to reduce wear, save power, reduce friction heat, prevent rust and corrosion. Generally speaking, lubricating oils are composed of base oils and additives. Such as: vehicle oil, hydraulic oil, Air Compressor Oil, Gear Oil, etc., are derived from this.
2. Viscosity
The measure of the friction force in the flow of liquid is called viscosity, and the value of viscosity decreases with the increase of temperature. Most lubricants are classified according to their viscosity. The viscosity index is a quantity that indicates the change of oil viscosity with temperature. A high viscosity index indicates that the viscosity of the oil changes less with temperature, and vice versa. The increase in oil viscosity may be based on the oxidation of the oil, the increase in the content of insoluble matter, the infiltration of high viscosity oil or water.
Viscosity is generally divided into: dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity.
Dynamic viscosity: a measure of the internal friction force of the liquid flowing under a certain shear stress, the value of which is the ratio of the shear stress and shear rate applied to the flowing liquid in the legal unit of measurement in Pa/second (Pa•s). It is customary to use centipoise (Cp) as a unit,1cp=10-3Pa•s.
Kinematic viscosity: a measure of the internal friction force of the liquid flowing under the action of gravity, its value is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of the liquid at the same temperature to its density, in China's legal unit of measurement with m2/s as the unit. cst is commonly used,1cst=1mm2/s.
Engler viscosity: Under specified conditions, the ratio of the time (s) required for a certain volume of sample to flow 200mL from the small hole of the Engler viscometer to the value of the water measured by the viscometer, expressed as 0Et.
Redwood viscosity: The amount of time, expressed in s, required for a given volume of sample to flow out of a 50mL sample from a Redwood viscometer under specified conditions.
Saybolt viscosity: The time, in s, required for a given volume of sample to flow out of a Saybolt viscometer under specified conditions. Saybolt viscosity is divided into Saybolt universal viscosity (expressed by SUV) and Saybolt heavy oil viscosity (expressed by SFV).
3. Dynamic viscosity
It is a measure of the friction force when the liquid flows under a certain shear stress, and its value is the ratio of the shear force and shear rate of the flowing liquid, in China's legal unit of measurement in parsec (pas). It is customary to use centimetres (Cp) as the unit,1 Cp=10-pas.
4. Kinematic viscosity
It is a measure of the internal friction force when the liquid flows under the action of gravity, and its value is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of the liquid at the same temperature to its density, in China's legal unit of measurement in mm/s. It's customary to write it in centis.
5. Moisture
Water in the oil indicates system leakage or condensation in the air. Moisture can cause corrosion and oxidation, and also emulsify the oil. Moisture refers to the moisture content in the oil, expressed as a percentage by weight. There are several moisture determination methods in the petroleum product analysis standard, which are generally expressed in %, and less than 0.03% is a trace. Oil moisture for special requirements is expressed as 10(ppm). The water should be removed by centrifugal method, isolation filtration method or vacuum treatment.
6. Flash Point
Under the specified conditions, the lowest temperature of the mixture of steam and air escaping from the heating oil at the moment of contact with the flame is called the flash point and is expressed in ° C. The measurement methods of flash point can be divided into open-mouth cup method and closed-mouth cup method. Flash point reduction indicates that the oil is diluted by the fuel or that the oil is cracked by excessive temperature.
7. Freezing point
The highest temperature when the test oil is cooled to stop moving under specified conditions is called the freezing point, which is expressed in ° C. The freezing point is an item to evaluate the low temperature performance of oil products. The freezing point of oil is directly related to wax content. The more wax content in oil, the higher the freezing point. Therefore, the freezing point can guide the degreasing process operation in the processing technology of petroleum products.
8. Pour point
Refers to the minimum temperature when the cooled test oil can flow under specified conditions, expressed in ° C. The pour point and the freezing point are both indicators used to indicate the low temperature fluidity of petroleum products.
9. Mechanical impurities
All impurities present in the oil that are insoluble in specified solvents are called mechanical impurities.
10, water-soluble acid or base
A general term for acidic or alkaline substances present in oil that are soluble in water.
11, anti-foam
The performance of preventing bubbles in the process of oil movement.
12. Chroma
Physicochemical index that reflects the depth of oil color (refining degree).
13. Tribology
The study of the theory and practice of dual surfaces that interact with each other in relative motion.
14. Friction
The phenomenon of preventing tangential relative motion on the contact surface of two objects. Friction is also commonly used to denote friction.
15. Wear and Tear
When the surface of the object is in relative motion, the working surface material is continuously lost or residual deformation occurs. The wear process is mainly caused by mechanical, chemical and thermal interactions between the dual surfaces.
16. Lubrication
Use lubricants to reduce friction and wear or other forms of surface damage between two rubbing surfaces.
17. Frictional mechanics
The mechanical branch that deals with the microscopic and ultra-microscopic processes of solids under the influence of mechanical energy.
18. Tribophysics
The branch of physics that deals with interacting surfaces in relative motion.
19. Tribochemistry
The branch of chemistry that deals with reactions in which friction areas of a surface in relative motion cause mechanical, physical, and chemical changes in a dual surface layer. Tribochemistry focuses on the chemical reaction in which the components of a lubricant interact with the friction surface.
20, grinding Assafras pair
A connection that brings two members into contact with each other and has relative motion.
21. External friction
With "friction".
22. Internal friction
Friction caused by the relative displacement of parts within the same object.
23, static friction
The two bodies produce microscopic predisplacement under the action of external forces, that is, elastic deformation and plastic deformation, etc., but there is no friction when relative motion occurs. The static friction at the moment when the relative motion is about to begin is called the limiting static friction or the maximum static friction, and the friction coefficient at this time is called the static friction coefficient.
24, dynamic friction
Friction between two surfaces in relative motion. The coefficient of friction at this time is called the coefficient of dynamic friction.
25. Friction coefficient
The ratio of the friction force impeding the relative motion of two bodies to the normal force holding them down.
26, sliding friction
Friction when the contact points of two contact objects have different velocities and directions.
27, rolling friction
The contact point of two contact objects has the same friction and speed and direction.
28. Spin friction
The friction of two objects rotating relative to each other around the normal of their contact surface.
29, dry friction
Friction between two objects in the nominal absence of any form of lubricant. Strictly speaking, there is no other medium such as moisture and natural contamination film on the contact surface during dry friction.
30. Border friction
The friction and wear characteristics between two solid surfaces in relative motion are mainly determined by the surface properties and the boundary lubricant properties of the very thin layer, and the friction conditions have little relation with the volume characteristics of the lubricant film.
31, fluid friction
The friction between two solid surfaces in relative motion when they are completely separated by a fluid lubricant with volumetric properties. That is, friction caused by the viscous or rheological resistance of the fluid.
32, lubrication friction
Friction of any form of lubricant between the friction surfaces of two solids.
33, mixed friction
Friction in the mixed condition of dry friction, boundary friction or fluid friction exists between the friction surfaces of two solids. Also known as semi-dry friction or semi-fluid friction.
34, fatigue wear
Two contact surfaces that roll or roll and slide together with each other, under the repeated action of alternating contact stress, due to the fatigue of surface materials, micro-cracks are produced to separate abrasive particles or fragments and spalling off, forming pits and causing wear. Also known as pitting.
35. Corrosion and wear
The wear process of metal surface caused by chemical and electrochemical reaction with surrounding medium during friction.
36, normal wear
Designed to allow wear.
37. Lubrication type
The condition and state in which a lubricant exists between two surfaces.
38, fluid lubrication
The state of lubrication when two solid surfaces in relative motion are completely separated by a fluid lubricant with volumetry viscosity properties.
39, mixed lubrication
Between the friction surfaces of two solids, there exists a mixed state of dry friction, boundary lubrication or fluid lubrication.
40, solid lubrication
The state of lubrication when two solid surfaces in relative motion are separated by a fine or thin film solid lubricant.
41. Boundary lubrication
The friction and wear characteristics between two solid surfaces in relative motion depend on the characteristics of the two surfaces and the lubrication state of the interaction between the lubricant and the surface and the properties of the generated boundary film.
42, extreme pressure lubrication
The friction and wear characteristics between two solid surfaces in relative motion depend on the lubrication state of the lubricant which reacts chemically with the friction surface under heavy load.
43, hydrostatic lubrication
Depending on the external oil supply system, the lubricant with a certain pressure is provided to the supporting force, and the lubricating film with sufficient pressure is formed in the supporting oil chamber to separate the two surfaces. Also known as hydrostatic lubrication.
44, elastic hydrodynamic lubrication
The friction between the relative moving surfaces and the lubrication state of the fluid lubricant film depend on the elastic deformation of the surface and the rheological properties of the lubricant in the surface contact region. Also known as elastic hydrostatic lubrication.
45, gas lubrication
Lubrication in which two surfaces in relative motion are separated by a gaseous lubricant.
46, magnetic fluid dynamic lubrication
Its effectiveness is due to hydrodynamic lubrication caused by electromagnetic action. Also known as magnetohydrodynamic lubrication.
47. Lubrication method
Method of supplying ribbon lubricant to a friction surface.
48, continuous lubrication
A type of lubrication in which the lubricant is continuously fed into the friction surface.
49, intermittent lubrication
A type of lubrication in which the lubricant is periodically fed into the friction surface.
50, circulation lubrication
The lubricant is sent to the friction point for lubrication and then returned to the oil tank for recirculation.
51, total loss lubrication
Lubrication method in which the lubricant is sent to the friction point for lubrication and does not return to the fuel tank for circulation. Also known as one-way lubrication.
52, pressure lubrication
The lubrication method by which a lubricant with a certain pressure is supplied to the friction point by an oil pump device. Also known as forced lubrication.
53, oil bath lubrication
A type of lubrication in which the friction surface is partially or completely immersed in a pool of lubricating oil.
54, oil ring lubrication
A type of lubrication in which a ring with a diameter larger than the journal rotates with the shaft to bring the lubricating oil from the front reservoir to the journal.
55, oil pad lubrication
A form of lubrication in which an oil pad made of felt or similar material supplies a lubricant to the friction surface.
56, oil lubrication
Oil bath lubrication.
57, splash lubrication
The way in which lubricant is splashed onto the friction surface of the moving pair to maintain lubrication.
58, drop oil lubrication
The manner in which lubricating oil is intermittently and regularly dripped onto the friction surface of the moving pair to maintain lubrication.
59, overflow lubrication
A type of lubrication in which low pressure lubricating oil is continuously sent to the friction surface and then spilled. It is also sometimes used to refer to oil bath lubrication.
60, oil chain lubrication
A type of lubrication in which the oil chain rotates with the shaft to bring the lubricating oil from the oil reservoir below to the journal.
61. Oil tanker lubrication
A type of lubrication in which a tanker fixed to the shaft rotates with the shaft to deliver the lubricating oil from the reservoir to the journal.
62, oil mist lubrication
Lubricating oil particles are transported by gas carrier, the amount of oil is distributed by condensing nozzle, and the particles are condensed and sent to each lubricating point.
63, jet lubrication
Lubricant and a certain pressure of compressed air mixed in the injection valve to the lubrication point of the lubrication method.
64, oil/gas lubrication
The compressed air is mixed with the oil to form an oil/gas - a lubrication method in which fine oil droplets or particles are sent to the lubrication point. Also known as aerosol lubrication.
65, disperse lubrication
Manual refueling using a portable tool.
66. Friction point
Where friction acts. The friction point is a component of the friction pair.
67, lubrication point
The part that delivers lubricant to a specified friction point. The lubrication point is an integral part of the centralized lubrication system of a machine or unit.
68, lubrication pump
Depending on the change of the closed working volume, the pump that transfers the lubricant is realized.
69. Lubricants
A substance added to reduce friction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion.
70. Lubricating oil
Oil primarily used to reduce friction between surfaces in relative motion.
The main production lubricants and other products of refined oil products. The oil can be used alone or in combination with other oils or additives.
72, synthetic lubricant
A lubricant prepared by chemical method.
73, grease
A stable solid or semi-solid product consisting of a thickener dispersed in a fluid lubricant. Such products can be supplemented with additives and fillers designed to improve certain characteristics.
74, additives
A substance added to impart a characteristic to an oil or to enhance a property it already possesses.
75. Inhibitors
Substances that can prevent or delay the occurrence of adverse phenomena in petroleum products (such as the formation of storage gasoline gum, lubricating oil discoloration, etc.).
76. Mineral oil
A mixture of naturally occurring, or both obtained from the processing of other mineral raw materials, consisting primarily of various hydrocarbons.
77, used oil
Oil whose properties have changed during use (whether or not it is suitable for its original purpose).
78. Mineral grease
A semisolid greasy substance obtained from refined residuum. The trade name is Vaseline.
79. Residual oil
The product left at the bottom of the tower after distillation.
80. Crude Oil
A liquid or semi-solid substance consisting mainly of various hydrocarbons, produced directly from oil Wells.
81, alkyl crude oil
Crude oil with low wax content but high colloid and asphaltene content.
82. Wax-based crude oil
Crude oil with low wax content and low colloid and asphaltene content.
83. Compound crude oil
Crude oil intermediate between naphthenic and paraffin bases.
84. Sulfur crude oil
Generally refers to crude oil with a sulfur content greater than 0.5%.
85. Apparent viscosity
A term used to denote the internal friction characteristic of a non-Newtonian fluid flow. Also known as similar viscosity.
86, temperature system
A calculation to evaluate the viscosity of a lubricating oil over a specified temperature range. The viscosity temperature coefficient is small, indicating that the oil viscosity changes little with temperature.
87. Viscosity index
A conventional value representing the change in viscosity of an oil with respect to temperature. A high viscosity index indicates that the viscosity of the oil changes little with temperature.
88, ash
Under specified conditions, the residue of the oil after carbonization is calcined as an inorganic substance, expressed as a percentage by weight.
89. Carbon residue
The residue, expressed as a percentage by weight, that is formed during the cracking of oil products under specified conditions.
90, drop point
The minimum temperature at which a solid or semi-solid petroleum product reaches a certain fluidity under specified conditions.
91, total alkaline
Under specified conditions, the amount of acid required to neutralize all base components present in a sample of 1G is expressed as an equivalent number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide.
92, water-soluble acid or base
It is soluble in oil
