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With the development of the global manufacturing industry, especially the continuous emergence of new materials and processes, the improvement of product processing accuracy, and the emergence of high-pressure, high-speed, and high-flow machine tool cooling systems, the unique role of cutting fluid as a cutting medium in the metal processing process cannot be ignored.
Valve guides and seat rings are usually made of iron based powder metallurgy materials. To ensure the coaxiality tolerance of the valve seat and conduit hole bottom hole, most manufacturers usually use specialized equipment and composite cutting tools for processing. The special tool first spots the conical surface of the valve seat, and after machining the seat ring, the tool moves back about 0.2mm. Then, the tool speed increases and the reamer is pushed at a constant feed rate to process the conduit hole. After the processing of the conduit hole is completed, the special tool returns to its original speed and the reamer automatically returns to its starting position.
2.2 The cutting fluid must be able to work in the cooling pressure system above 6MPa without foam problem.
Due to the environmental requirements of the valve guide hole and seat ring, the materials in these two parts must have both wear and high temperature resistance characteristics. In order to meet the cutting environment requirements when processing this material, the cooling system must be able to effectively deliver the cutting fluid to the cutting area and effectively remove iron chips from the machining area to ensure sufficient cooling during the cutting process.
When machining these two parts, high pressure (above 6MPa) internal cooling and large flow cutting fluid supply mode is mostly used, which requires that the selected cutting fluid must meet the characteristic requirements of low foam. For example, a large number of foam generated in the use of cutting fluid will greatly reduce the use effect of cutting fluid, resulting in the decline of tool durability and workpiece surface quality.
3. Suggestions for the use of cutting fluid
3.1 Lotion type cutting fluid shall be used, and the mineral oil content of concentrated fluid shall be more than 50%
In addition to having composite extreme pressure lubrication capability, the cutting fluid must also have sufficiently high oiliness to provide effective mechanical lubrication capability for cutting.
3.2 The concentration of cutting fluid should be above 15%
Although different cutting fluids have different requirements for concentration during use due to their different formulations, the cutting fluid must have the ability to provide high-strength extreme pressure lubrication, boundary lubrication, and mechanical lubrication according to the material characteristics of the valve guide and seat ring during cutting. Properly increasing the concentration of the cutting fluid can effectively extend the service life of the tool and the surface processing quality of the workpiece, The increased consumption cost caused by increasing the concentration of cutting fluid is insignificant for enterprises.
The four major functions of cutting fluid, namely lubrication, cooling, cleaning, and rust prevention, are widely known. They are unified, but at the same time, they are opposite. How to achieve the best balance point is a goal that many manufacturers are concerned about. Each cutting fluid manufacturer's products have their own focus and specificity. As the most critical machining process for valve seat rings and guide holes in cylinder head machining, the selection of cutting fluid is particularly important.
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