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Triethanolamine itself is a water-soluble rust inhibitor. It can effectively prevent steel rust in the short term when used alone. Generally, triethanolamine with a concentration of 0.5% to 2% has a synergistic rust prevention effect with water-soluble rust inhibitors such as phenylethanolamine, sodium benzoate, borax, and sodium carbonate. Combined use can significantly improve the rust prevention ability of water-based cutting fluids. However, triethanolamine has a corrosive effect on copper, and adding 0.05% to 0.1% benzotriazole can improve its corrosion resistance to copper. Oleic acid triethanolamine is also a rust inhibitor, which is suitable for rust prevention of ferrous metals and aluminum alloys.
2.3 Surfactants
Surfactants play a role in penetration, diffusion, stability, and cleaning in water-based cutting fluids, and are essential additives for synthesizing cutting fluids and emulsions. Triethanolamine and fatty acids can be used to synthesize an anionic surfactant. Surfactants synthesized with different ratios and fatty acids have different HLB values, which can be suitable for the needs of different water-based cutting fluids. These surfactants have good emulsification ability, and when used in combination with non ionic surfactants such as alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, the emulsification effect is better.
Triethanolamine itself is also a non ionic surfactant, and adding it to water can significantly reduce the surface tension of water. Adding triethanolamine to water-based cutting fluid will help the cutting fluid to infiltrate and penetrate the interface being cut (ground), thereby fully utilizing the cooling and cleaning effects of water-based cutting fluid.
2.4 Stabilizer
The oiliness agents, extreme pressure agents, and other additives added to water-based cutting fluids are easily resolved by water, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the cutting fluid. Adding a small amount of triethanolamine can have a stabilizing effect. For example, organic borate esters are a new type of extreme pressure and anti wear agent, which are formed by the reaction of substances with hydroxyl groups with boric acid or its compounds. The main drawback of borate esters is their ease of hydrolysis. Adding a small amount of triethanolamine during the synthesis of borate esters can inhibit hydrolysis.
2.5 Adjusting pH value
PH value is an important indicator of water-based cutting fluid. If the pH value is too low, it is easy to breed bacteria, leading to cutting fluid corruption and workpiece and machine tool corrosion. A high pH value can harm the operator's skin and reduce lubrication performance. Triethanolamine is an ideal pH adjustment value for water-based cutting fluids. Adjusting the pH value of the solution with triethanolamine in the later stage of producing water-based cutting fluid will not cause other additives to gel and precipitate due to changes in pH value. When synthesizing phosphate and borate esters, triethanolamine can be used as an alkaline agent to neutralize the product.
3. Application of triethanolamine cutting fluids
BN type water-based cutting fluid is prepared by compounding additives such as oleic acid triethanolamine, anti-wear agent (sulfur-containing borate ester), and rust prevention complex (triethanolamine, urea, borax, sodium carbonate, benzotriazole, etc.), and passing the inspection according to the GB 6144-85 synthetic cutting fluid standard (IV). Among them, the lubrication and rust prevention performance are superior to national standards. After long-term use by the factory, this cutting fluid has excellent performance, can significantly improve cutting efficiency and processing quality, extend tool service life, reduce processing costs, and is harmless to operators, with a long service cycle.
4. Precautions during use
4.1 Triethanolamine is prone to chemical reactions with nitrite to produce substances harmful to the human body. Therefore, triethanolamine cutting fluids should be carefully used with sodium nitrite as a rust inhibitor.
4.2 When using triethanolamine cutting fluid as grinding fluid, it will produce a slight unpleasant odor. In order to overcome this shortcoming, the addition amount of triethanolamine can be reduced, and a small amount of edible essence can also be added.
4.3 When grinding hard alloy tools, it is not easy to use cutting fluids containing triethanolamine. Because triethanolamine aqueous solution can leach cobalt from hard alloy cutting tools, thereby affecting their performance and lifespan.
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