Broken edge? Much smoke? It may be that your cutting fluid is not selected correctly
July 28, 2022
Broken edge? Much smoke? It may be that your cutting fluid is not selected correctly
Tool Steel Knives Its heat-resistant temperature is in the range of 200~300°C, which can only be applied to the cutting of general materials, and will lose its hardness at high temperature.
Due to the poor heat resistance of this tool, the cooling performance of the cutting fluid is required to be good, and an emulsion is generally appropriate. High Speed Steel Tool This material is a high-grade alloy steel based on chromium, nickel, tungsten, etc. Their heat resistance is significantly higher than that of tool steel, and the maximum allowable temperature can reach 600 °C.
Compared with other high-temperature-resistant metal and ceramic materials, high-speed steel has a series of advantages, especially its high toughness, suitable for workpieces with complex geometric shapes and continuous cutting, and high-speed steel has good machinability, And the price is easy to accept. Oil-based cutting fluids or emulsions are recommended for low- and medium-speed cutting with high-speed steel tools. In high-speed cutting, due to the large heat generation, it is advisable to use water-based cutting fluid. If oil-based cutting fluid is used, it will generate more smoke, pollute the environment, and easily cause workpiece burns, reduce processing quality, and increase tool wear. Carbide Tool The cemented carbide used for cutting tools is composed of tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide and cobalt with a mass fraction of 5% to 10%. Excellent wear resistance, can reduce the bonding phenomenon between chips when processing steel materials. When selecting cutting fluid, the sensitivity of cemented carbide to sudden heat should be considered, and the tool should be heated as evenly as possible, otherwise it will lead to chipping.
When machining general materials, dry cutting is often used; however, during dry cutting, the temperature rise of the workpiece is high, which makes the workpiece prone to thermal deformation, which affects the machining accuracy of the workpiece, and the dry cutting resistance is large in the absence of lubricants. The power consumption is increased, and the wear of the tool is also accelerated. Carbide cutting tools are more expensive, so from an economic point of view, dry cutting is not cost-effective. When selecting cutting fluids, oil-based cutting fluids generally have poor thermal conductivity, so that the risk of sudden cooling of the tool is smaller than that of water-based cutting fluids. Therefore, it is generally appropriate to use oil-based cutting fluids containing anti-wear additives. Ceramic Knife It is made of alumina, metal and carbide sintered at high temperature. The high temperature wear resistance of this material is better than that of cemented carbide, and dry cutting is generally used.
Water-based cutting fluids are also often used for uniform cooling and avoiding excessive temperatures. Diamond Tool With extremely high hardness, dry cutting is generally used. To avoid excessive temperatures, also like ceramic materials, water-based cutting fluids are used in many cases.
Choose the right cutting fluid as one of the main consumables in the machining process in daily work operations First, its quality directly affects the machining accuracy and operating efficiency of the equipment; Therefore, in daily operations, the production workshop must not only use cutting fluids with excellent performance and good rust resistance, but also do a good job in protection. In order to reduce the cost, many factory personnel purchase cheap off-brand cutting fluids. Such cutting fluids are often of poor quality, have low lubrication, anti-rust, and antibacterial properties, and are easy to deteriorate. This greatly affects the accuracy of the workpiece, and also easily causes corrosion of the machine tool and the workpiece.
