Formulation of Cutting fluid and solution to problems in use

Sodium phosphate: sodium phosphate (chemical formula: Na3PO4) is a phosphate, which is a Inorganic compound. Generally, sodium phosphate refers to sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na3PO412H2O). When sodium phosphate dodecahydrate is weathered in dry air and heated to 100 ° C, it will lose Water of crystallization and become Anhydrous.

2. Emulsified cutting oil
The main ingredients of the formula are: sodium petroleum sulfonate, polyoxyethylene Alkylphenol ether, Chlorinated paraffins, lead Naphthenic acid, Triethanolamine oleic acid soap, high-speed machine oil, sodium tall oleate, sodium petroleum acid, synthetic fatty acid, polyethylene glycol, industrial machine oil.

Sodium petroleum sulfonate: also known as: sodium alkyl sulfonate, T702 rust inhibitor, and sodium petroleum sulfonate T702; Molecular formula: R-SO3Na (R=C14~C18 alkyl); The structural formula is: RSO3Na, where R is a straight chain aliphatic alkyl group with an average of 14-18 carbon atoms; Solubility: Soluble in water to form a semi transparent liquid, which is relatively stable to acids, alkalis, and hard water;

Chlorinated paraffins: Chlorinated paraffins are chlorinated derivatives of paraffins. They have the advantages of low volatility, flame retardancy, good electrical insulation and low price, and can be used as flame retardants and PVC auxiliary plasticizers. It is widely used in the production of cable materials, floor materials, hoses, Artificial leather, rubber and other products. And additives applied to coatings, lubricants, etc.

Naphthenic acid: prepared by metathesis and replacement of sodium Naphthenic acid and Lead(II) acetate. First, add water to Naphthenic acid to raise the temperature to 90-100 ℃, then slowly add 30% sodium hydroxide solution for saponification until the solution is transparent to obtain sodium Naphthenic acid, and then use Lead(II) acetate to decompose and replace it to obtain crude product, which is washed with water, heated and dehydrated to obtain finished lead Naphthenic acid.

Triethanolamine oleic acid soap: oleic acid soap has good cleaning ability for animal and vegetable oils, mineral oils, oils, paraffin lubricants, etc., and has good antirust ability. The metal Cutting fluid can be used as the cleaning part, and has good lubrication performance, anti-corrosion performance of Ferrous, and good cooling and rust prevention functions. It is used as a cleaning agent for semi-finished metal processing products such as steel, iron, aluminum, alloy steel, low-alloy steel, clock components, and has rust prevention functions. As an emulsifier in general industry, it has good emulsification performance for mineral oil, vegetable oil, and wax scale.

High speed machine oil: High speed machine oil is also called high speed Spindle oil. A type of lightweight mechanical oil. Lubricants with lower viscosity. It is obtained by refining petroleum fractions with sulfuric acid or solvent and adding antioxidants. It is required that the lubrication performance is good and the wear of Machine element is small; Good stability, not easy to deteriorate after long-term use; Light color, non polluting gauze. Mainly used for friction parts of textile machinery with high speed and light load, such as thrust bearings of fine spinning machines, twisting machines, coarse spinning machines, and knitting machines. It is also suitable for lubrication of other high speed and low load machinery and some automatic control instruments. The main quality indicators are viscosity, flash point, freezing point, etc.

Synthetic fatty acids: Synthetic fatty acids are fatty acids obtained from petroleum products through chemical synthesis methods. Used as a raw material for making soap. Its carbon number ranges from 10 to 18, and the lower part is used in other industries. The raw materials for the production of synthetic fatty acids by paraffin oxidation method are C21-28, n-alkanes with a distillation range of 350-420 ℃ (commonly known as paraffin), and also n-alkanes with a distillation range of 320-450 ℃.

Polyethylene glycol: It is non-toxic, non irritating, has good water solubility, and has good compatibility with many organic components. They have excellent lubricity, moisture retention, dispersibility, adhesives, Antistatic agent and softeners, and are widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, chemical fiber, rubber, plastics, paper making, paint, electroplating, pesticides, metal processing, food processing and other industries.

3. Anti rust extreme pressure emulsified oil
The main ingredients of the formula are: Chlorinated paraffins, sulfurized oleic acid, barium petroleum sulfonate, oleic acid, Triethanolamine, and machine oil.

Chlorinated paraffins: Chlorinated paraffins are chlorinated derivatives of paraffins. They have the advantages of low volatility, flame retardancy, good electrical insulation and low price, and can be used as flame retardants and PVC auxiliary plasticizers. It is widely used in the production of cable materials, floor materials, hoses, Artificial leather, rubber and other products. And additives applied to coatings, lubricants, etc. Add the measured liquid paraffin into the reaction kettle, add Thionyl chloride drop under stirring, reflux for 5-7h, and recover the excess Thionyl chloride under normal pressure. Wash and dehydrate with water and NaOH aqueous solution under reduced pressure until the water content is less than 2%, and the discharge is the finished product.

Petroleum barium sulfonate: Petroleum barium sulfonate is currently a widely used Corrosion Inhibitor in China. According to different usage conditions, the general addition amount is 1-10%. It has excellent moisture resistance, salt spray resistance, salt water resistance, and water displacement resistance, and has excellent rust resistance to various metals. Suitable as an anti rust agent in anti rust grease, such as preparing replacement type anti rust oil, inter process anti rust oil, sealing oil, lubrication anti rust dual purpose oil, and anti rust grease. The static corrosion test results of petroleum barium sulfonate are good, and it has no corrosive effect on various metals such as steel, brass, copper, aluminum alloy, zinc, etc.

Oleic acid: Oleic acid is a monounsaturated Omega-9 fatty acid found in animals and plants. The chemical formula C18H34O2 (or CH3 (CH2) 7CH=CH (CH2) 7COOH). Hydrogenation of oleic acid to obtain stearic acid. The double bond trans isomer of oleic acid is called trans oleic acid. Used as a chemical reagent, as a chromatographic comparison sample, and for biochemical research, to verify calcium, ammonia, copper, and determine magnesium, sulfur, etc.

Triethanolamine: refining method: the Triethanolamine content of industrial products is more than 80%, the rest contains less than 1.0% water, less than 2.5% Ethanolamine, 15% Diethanolamine and a small amount of polyethylene glycol and other impurities. During refining, remove Ethanolamine by steam distillation, add sodium hydroxide to make Triethanolamine form alkali metal salt and precipitate, neutralize after separation, and then conduct vacuum distillation to obtain pure product.

Mechanical oil: A general quality lubricating oil obtained from petroleum lubricating oil fractions through dewaxing, solvent refining, and clay treatment. Usually only antioxidant additives are added. Mechanical oil is divided into high-speed machine oil and ordinary machine oil, which are used for lubrication of general machinery such as textile machinery spindles and ordinary machine tools, and are classified according to their 50 ℃ kinematic viscosity. The classification of "mechanical oil" has been removed from the existing lubricant classification. You can refer to the characteristics of the L-AN class to select the lubricating oil you need.

1. Deterioration and odor of Cutting fluid
The main reason for the deterioration and odor of Cutting fluid is that Cutting fluid contains a large number of bacteria, and the bacteria in Cutting fluid mainly include aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. The aerobic bacteria live in the environment with minerals, such as water, concentrated solution of Cutting fluid and oil leaked from the machine tool. Under aerobic conditions, they split into two every 20-30min. Anaerobic bacteria exist in an oxygen free environment, split into two every hour, metabolize and release SO2, which smells like rotten eggs, and Cutting fluid turns black. When the bacteria in Cutting fluid is greater than 106, Cutting fluid will become odorous.

(1) Channels for bacteria entering Cutting fluid:
1) There is bacteria invasion in the preparation process, such as bacteria in the water used to prepare Cutting fluid. 2) Bacteria in the air enter the Cutting fluid. 3) The transfer of workpiece between processes causes the infection of Cutting fluid. 4) Bad habits of operators, such as littering dirty things. 5) Poor cleanliness of machine tools and workshops.

(2) Methods for controlling bacterial growth:
1) Use high-quality and stable Cutting fluid. 2) Using pure water to prepare concentrated solution is not only easy to prepare, but also can improve the lubricity of Cutting fluid, reduce the amount taken away by chips, and prevent bacterial erosion. 3) During use, the ratio of concentrated liquid in Cutting fluid shall not be too low, or bacteria will grow easily. 4) Since the oil used in the machine tool contains bacteria, try to reduce the oil leaked from the machine tool mixed with Cutting fluid. 5) When the pH value of Cutting fluid is between 8.3 and 9.2, it is difficult for bacteria to survive, so new Cutting fluid should be added in time to increase the pH value. 6) Keep the Cutting fluid clean, and do not make the Cutting fluid contact with dirty oil, food, tobacco and other dirt. 7) Frequent use of fungicides. 8) Keep the workshop and machine tools clean. 9) If the equipment does not have a filtering device, the floating oil should be regularly skimmed and dirt removed.

2. Corrosion of Cutting fluid
(1) Reasons for corrosion:
1) The proportion of concentrated liquid in Cutting fluid is low. 2) The pH value of Cutting fluid is too high or too low. For example, when pH>9.2, it has a corrosive effect on aluminum. Therefore, the appropriate pH value should be selected based on the metal material. 3) Contact with dissimilar metal materials. 4) Use paper or wood pad to place the workpiece. 5) Component stacking. 6) The number of bacteria in Cutting fluid exceeds the standard. 7) The humidity in the working environment is too high.

(2) Methods for preventing corrosion:
1) Use pure water to prepare Cutting fluid, and the proportion of Cutting fluid should be used according to the recommended value in the manual of Cutting fluid used. 2) If necessary, use anti rust fluid. 3) Control the number of bacteria and avoid their production. 4) Check the humidity and pay attention to controlling the humidity of the working environment within an appropriate range. 5) Cutting fluid shall not be polluted. 6) Avoid contact with dissimilar materials such as aluminum and steel, cast iron (containing magnesium), and copper.

3. The problem of producing foam
When using Cutting fluid, sometimes a large amount of foam will be generated on the surface of Cutting fluid.

(1) Main reasons for foam:
1) The level of Cutting fluid is too low. 2) The flow rate of Cutting fluid is too fast, and there is no time for bubbles to overflow. The more bubbles accumulate, the more foam is produced. 3) There are too many right angles in the water tank design, or the nozzle angle of Cutting fluid is too straight.

(2) Methods to avoid foam:
1) In a centralized cooling system, the pipelines are cascaded in series, and the pressure of the pipelines close to the cooling box should be lower. 2) Ensure that the level of Cutting fluid is not too low, check the level in time and add Cutting fluid in time. 3) Control the flow rate of Cutting fluid not too fast. 4) When designing a sink, attention should be paid to not having too many right angles to the sink. 5) When using Cutting fluid, the nozzle angle of Cutting fluid should not be too straight.

4. The operator's skin allergy problem
(1) The main causes of skin allergies in operators:
1) The pH value is too high. 2) Composition of Cutting fluid. 3) Insoluble metals and oils used in machine tools. 4) The proportion of concentrated solution used is too high. 5) Protective suspension layer on the surface of Cutting fluid, such as odor sealing layer and Anti Foam layer. Fungicide and unclean Cutting fluid.

(2) In work, the following points should be noted:
1) The operator shall apply protective oil, wear work clothes and gloves, and pay attention to avoid direct contact between skin and Cutting fluid. 2) The proportion of concentrated liquid in Cutting fluid must be used according to the recommended value of Cutting fluid. 3) Use fungicides according to the dosage specified in the instructions.

In addition, fluororubber and grease rubber have less deformation due to the influence of Cutting fluid, so they can be given priority when used as machine tool seals. To prevent deformation, the rubber used for machine tool seals should generally have a grease content greater than 35%. In addition, in order to effectively prevent the Cutting fluid from causing the paint of the machine tool to fall off, epoxy resin paint or polyurethane paint can be selected. In a word, if we can pay attention to the above problems when using Cutting fluid in normal production, we can avoid unnecessary economic losses and effectively improve production efficiency.