Green cutting technology, a topic that we should also pay attention to
November 28, 2022
Recently, natural disasters such as floods, sandstorms, forest fires and various pollution incidents have taken place continuously, which have seriously affected people's lives and caused heavy losses to the national economy. It is one of our citizens' social responsibilities to reduce or even eliminate these disasters. As a member of metal processing, we should also make some contributions to environmental protection. 1. Reduce tool consumption The reduction of tool consumption here does not exactly mean the cost of reducing tool consumption in the traditional sense, but refers to tools with longer service life and higher durability to try to reduce the number of tools consumed. Tungsten is one of the most important alloying elements in high-speed steel and cemented carbide tools. The possible pollution caused by production and operation in tungsten smelting industry includes: wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids and phosphate; Mainly from waste gas generated by oil fired boiler, ammonia recovery, roasting and mother liquor closed circuit circulation; Noise pollution source generated during the vibration ball milling of tungsten powder; And tungsten slag discharged after the filter pressing process. Therefore, taking the carbide indexable inserts as an example, the lower the life of the inserts we use in the production process, the greater the number of cutters consumed per 10000 yuan of output value, and the more serious the pollution generated in the production of these inserts. At the same time, the more blades are consumed, the more power, gasoline and other energy are consumed to produce and transport these blades, and the more serious the damage to the environment is. Two basic measures are recommended to reduce tool consumption: 1. Use the tool material and coating material that are more suitable for your processing materials. There is a matching between the workpiece material and the tool material. Generally speaking, tungsten cobalt is more suitable for machining short chips such as cast iron and non-ferrous metals, while tungsten cobalt titanium is more suitable for machining long chips such as steel due to the presence of a small amount of titanium compounds with higher hardness and lower toughness; Fine grain or ultra-fine grain cemented carbides have higher toughness than ordinary cemented carbides with the same composition. Under processing conditions such as small size tools and intermittent cutting, this is because after grain refinement, the size of the hard phase becomes smaller, and the bonding phase is more evenly distributed around the hard phase, which can improve the hardness and wear resistance of cemented carbides, and can significantly improve the tool life. 2. Reuse of waste cemented carbide inserts In recent years, with the promotion of the concept of environmental protection, recycling and reuse has become a major topic of concern for environmental protection. The recycling of waste paper has already been slightly reflected, while the recycling of metals has not been paid much attention. In the tool industry, some famous tool manufacturers have launched activities aimed at recycling waste cemented carbide inserts and seeking reuse. Such activities are conducive to minimizing waste and reducing environmental pollution.
2. Dry cutting The use of cutting fluids in machining can cause various problems. In addition to the cost of coolant and related treatment work, the metal slag slurry generated by grinding is also listed as hazardous waste to the environment, which requires expensive and difficult treatment. Complete dry cutting method sometimes has problems, because high cutting speed will lead to very high temperature in the cutting area, and it is not easy to develop a material that is resistant to high temperature, wear-resistant, and has enough toughness. Because the cutting fluid plays three important roles: absorbing and taking away a large amount of cutting heat, so that the cutting heat transmitted to the tool and workpiece is very little; A lubricating film is formed on the contact interface between the tool and the workpiece as well as between the tool and the chip, which not only reduces friction but also inhibits the chip adhesion to the tool; Quickly wash away the chips. The dry cutting technology, which has emerged in recent decades, is to create the same or similar cutting conditions as wet cutting without cutting fluid, which involves tools, machine tools, workpieces, processing methods and cutting parameters. Dry cutting or quasi dry cutting can minimize the use of cutting fluid, so as to reduce the adverse impact of the discharge of cutting waste liquid on the environment. It should be considered as a technical option by tool engineers in the next step.
3. Tool with small cutting force With the workpiece becoming more and more "near net size", tools with small cutting force and low cutting power consumption are becoming more and more popular in the tool industry. The blades of these tools generally adopt such technical methods as large rake angle, small chamfer, and polished rake face and chamfer to reduce cutting force as much as possible. The reduction of cutting force and cutting power makes the machine tool consume less power when the new cutting has the same machining allowance. Although the power consumption saved by using these advanced tools is not so significant, in the face of the arduous energy conservation and emission reduction goals of the national economy, we must fully understand the difficulty and urgency of achieving the energy conservation and emission reduction goals, and in the spirit of being highly responsible for the country, the people, and future generations, put energy conservation and emission reduction and addressing climate change in a more prominent and important position, mobilize all forces, and increase efforts, So as to make tangible progress.
